Time flows from bottom to top but modalities between Δp and intention.

The insular cortex evolved to keep us from getting parasites from poop; it is the center of disgust, a varied emotion in different cultural contexts. Its efference expresses a Self-Other division. One may imagine whether its activation primes the immune system similarly to seeing disease¹.

¹Dunn, Rob. The Wild Life of Our Bodies. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2011. Print.